Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
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1.
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Development is:
a. | quantitative change in the individual over time | b. | predictable and
consistent for all persons | c. | the orderly appearance, over time, of physical
structures, psychological traits, and behaviours | d. | qualitative change in the individual over
time |
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2.
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How have children been viewed historically?
a. | as innately evil and in need of harsh discipline | b. | as miniature adults
after age 7, or the "age of reason" | c. | as clean slates changed by
experience | d. | all of these |
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3.
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Who kept a "baby biography" describing his son's behaviour in
great detail?
a. | John Locke | b. | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | c. | Charles
Darwin | d. | Sigmund Freud |
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4.
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The superego:
a. | represents the moral standards and values of parents | b. | is innate and
transmitted to the child genetically | c. | develops to help the child find rational ways
of satisfying urges | d. | none of these |
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5.
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Who suggested that we develop in a healthy fashion by confronting and resolving
developmental crises in our lives?
a. | Karen Horney | b. | Erik Erikson | c. | Sigmund
Freud | d. | Alfred Adler |
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6.
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Kareem laughs whenever his neck is touched. Now before touching his neck, his
mommy says "gotcha." Pretty soon, as soon as she says "gotcha," Kareem starts to
laugh. This is an example of:
a. | habituation learning | b. | classical conditioning | c. | sensitization
learning | d. | operant conditioning |
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7.
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Punishment:
a. | is meant to decrease the frequency of a behaviour | b. | is usually less
effective than reinforcement | c. | can have unwanted negative side
effects | d. | all of these |
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8.
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Is it possible for skills a child has learned to remain "latent" or
unused?
a. | no, if they don't use it, they lose it | b. | yes, they may only
use it when it is needed | c. | no, learning is an active, not a passive
process | d. | yes, but only for motor skills such as jumping rope or playing
basketball |
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9.
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How are schemes changed?
a. | through assimilation | b. | through accommodation | c. | by comparing new
information to existing schemes | d. | all of these |
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10.
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According to information processing views:
a. | typing on a keyboard is like our short-term memory | b. | placing information
in RAM memory is like sensory memory | c. | storing something to a hard drive is like
long-term memory | d. | all of these |
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11.
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Cross-cultural studies examine the effects of:
a. | mesosystems | b. | exosystems | c. | microsystems | d. | macrosystems |
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12.
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Omar can tie his shoes, but only with his mother's help. This suggests that
tying shoes:
a. | is beyond Omar's scope of capability | b. | is within
Omar's zone of proximal development | c. | is an innate process that simply needs
nurturing to unfold | d. | is too difficult for a child his age and should
not be attempted |
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13.
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The nature/nurture debate considers:
a. | why genes are more influential in development than environment | b. | why the environment
is more important in development than evolution | c. | the relationship(s) between genetics,
environment, and human development | d. | all of these |
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14.
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Is development continuous or discontinuous?
a. | continuous | b. | discontinuous | c. | the answer to this
is not known | d. | both - it may depend upon what aspect of development is being
studied |
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15.
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A researcher has found that the more hours students spend partying, the lower
their exam scores. This represents:
a. | a fact of life for college students | b. | a negative correlation | c. | a positive
correlation | d. | a case study |
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16.
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Which of the following methods involves studying development over time?
a. | a longitudinal study | b. | an experiment | c. | a cross-sectional
study | d. | none of these |
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